Mikhail Gorbachev and the Collapse of Communism
The Soviet Union had been a world power competing against the United States for years. By the 1960s, it seemed like communism would endure anything. However, things soon began to change. The Soviet Union began to fall behind the United States. After the death of Leonoid Brezhnev, the Soviets needed to find a new leader. Brezhnev's next two successors died after 1 year in power. Mikhail Gorbachev was the last communist ledaer to rule the Soviet Union. He realized that if he wanted to restore the nation, he would have to change some of the policies imposed by previous Soviet leaders. Throughout most of history of the Soviet Union, the government had kept information under "lock and key." It did not want people to act on their own or spread their own ideas, and had firm control of the media. Gorbachev knew that he would never be able to help the country if he didn't let information flow freely, so he started a policy of glanost, or openness, in order to get more people to discuss how the economy could be helped. In order to help to economy, Gorbachev introduced perestroika, or economic restructuring. Soon, he opened up a policy called democratization, to open up the political system of the Soviet Union, and allow elections to be held in the Soviet Union. Gorbachev then began to improve relations with other countries. In 1987, he signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty with the U.S. Despite Gorbachev's attempts to save communisms, he couldn't stop reforms from being made. Poland and Hungary were the first to rebel and the other countries soon followed suit. On December 25, 1991, Gorbachev officially resigned his position and the Soviet Union was dissolved. He wanted to bring about reform to help save communism and the Soviet Union, but his reforms eventually led to its destruction.